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The Origin and Development of Porcelain

Jul 30, 2024 77cha

In the south of the origin of the ground and there are two said, one is said to be jingdezhen, jiangxi; said shaoxing, zhejiang or wenzhou. In terms of the origin of porcelain age, one said was born in 1600 years ago in the Jin Dynasty, based on the Jin Dynasty, the word “porcelain”, and the emergence of the color of porcelain and porcelain color description of the origin of the record; said that in the 1300 years ago in the Tang Dynasty, that the Tang Dynasty Yueyao celadon porcelain is porcelain, long history, the mystery of the ancient times.

“Porcelain” invention began in the Han Dynasty, to the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties gradually mature; to the Song Dynasty for the porcelain industry booming period, Ding, Ru, official, brother, all kilns. The name of the ancient; Yuan dynasty blue and red glaze and other new products; Ming dynasty inherited and developed the Song porcelain tradition, Xuande. Chenghua kiln products, especially prominent; Qing Dynasty style of ancient elegance and simplicity, a little less than the former, but winning in the exquisite and gorgeous, wonderful, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong made by the artifacts, but also outstanding, it is called.

 Porcelain is born from pottery, and its invention was gradually explored by ancient Chinese ancestors in the experience of firing white earthenware and printed hard pottery. Fired porcelain must have three conditions at the same time: First, the raw material must be rich in quartz and sericite and other minerals of porcelain stone, porcelain clay or kaolin; Second, the firing temperature must be more than 1,200 ℃; Third, in the surface of the device is applied to the glaze fired at high temperatures.

Chinese porcelain is evolved from the development of pottery, the original porcelain originated more than 3,000 years ago. By the time of the Song Dynasty, famous porcelain kilns had spread over half of China, and it was the most prosperous period for the porcelain industry. At that time, the Jun kiln, Ge kiln, official kiln, Ru kiln and Ding kiln and known as the five famous kilns. Known as the porcelain capital of jingdezhen, jiangxi province in the yuan dynasty produced blue and white porcelain has become a representative of porcelain. Blue and white porcelain glaze transparent as water, thin and lightweight body, white porcelain body with blue decoration, elegant and fresh, full of vitality. Once the blue and white porcelain appeared, it became popular for a while, and became the crown of Jingdezhen's traditional famous porcelain. With the blue and white porcelain together and known as the four famous porcelain, blue and white exquisite porcelain, pastel porcelain and color glaze porcelain. In addition, there are sculpture porcelain, thin tire porcelain, colorful tire porcelain, etc., are very exquisite, each with its own characteristics.

    It is recognized worldwide that porcelain was invented by the Chinese. The invention of porcelain is based on the continuous development and improvement of pottery technology. The white pottery of the Shang Dynasty used china clay (kaolin) as raw material and was fired at a temperature of more than 1,000°C, which was the basis for the emergence of primitive porcelain.

Song dynasty porcelain, in the tire quality, glaze and production technology, and so on, there are new improvements, porcelain firing technology to reach the degree of complete maturity. In the process technology, there is a clear division of labor, an important stage in the development of China's porcelain. Song dynasty famous kilns are many, Yaozhou kiln, magnetic state kiln, Jingdezhen kiln, Longquan kiln, Yue kiln, Jian kiln, as well as known as the five famous kilns of the Song dynasty, Ru, official, brother, Jun, Ding and other products have their own unique style.

  Ming Dynasty porcelain glaze method of diversification, marking the continuous improvement of China's porcelain technology. Chenghua years created in the underglaze blue outline line added to the glaze color “Doucai”, Jiajing, Wanli years into the firing without the blue outline and directly with a variety of color depiction of the five-color, are famous treasures. Porcelain in the Qing Dynasty, is in the Ming Dynasty on the basis of the outstanding achievements of further development, porcelain technology has reached a brilliant realm. Kangxi when the plain three colors, five colors, Yongzheng, Qianlong when the pastel, enamel are famous at home and abroad.

 

 The earliest plain porcelain in accordance with the color classification, there are celadon, black porcelain, white porcelain three common colors of porcelain painted porcelain and other colored porcelain in the more famous:

 

    Tang Sancai (Tang Sancai is not porcelain, is a low-temperature lead pottery), Xinle burns, blue and white porcelain, etc. According to the location of porcelain production also has different classifications. Such as China's zhejiang yue kiln (secret color porcelain), jiangxi changnan, hebei dingcai and Japan in the 10th century after the development of the shoulders of the characteristics of porcelain: omi, koga shinraku yaki (Shigarakiyaki), nagasaki arita yaki (aritayaki), okayama prefecture, ready to before the burnt (bizenyaki) and so on. Porcelain has also been made in Europe since the 18th century, and today there are many brands of fine porcelain in England, France, Russia, Germany, and especially in England.

 

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